ࡱ>   [ bjbj%jjAlVVV8$7 B$y  DDDDDDrD anV  07 1 (1 D   #"+   16 =>O1@O 2002 3>40 1K2H89 48@5:B>@ & # 659<A C;A8 (James W>>1s5C), =0E>4OAL 2 <5@8:0=A:>< 2>5==>< :>;;5465, ?@>87=5A, :0: =0< ?@54AB02;O5BAO, 8AB>@8G5A:CN @5GL. 1JO282 =0G0;> IV 8@>2>9 2>9=K, >= 70O28;: / ?@8=8<0N CB25@645=85 -;8>B0 >30=0 - 2K40NI53>AO G5;>25:0, ?@>D5AA>@0 (:>;K A>2@5<5==KE <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 6>=0 %>?:8=A0 (B0< 65 :>=AC;LB8@C5B 8 183=52 6578=A:89  ?@8<. ), :>B>@K9 CB25@6405B, GB> <K 2>2;5G5=K 2 IV 8@>2CN 2>9=C. III 8@>20O 2>9=0  MB> %>;>4=0O 2>9=0. / 4C<0N, GB> CB25@645=85 -;8>B0 ;CGH5 A>>B25BAB2C5B @50;8O< A53>4=OH=53> 4=O, G5< @0AE>655 8<O MB>9 2>9=K, :0: 2>9=K A B5@@>@87<><. B> 65 >=8 - =0H8 A53>4=OH=85 2@038? -B>, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, B@8 42865=8O, B@8 @07=>284=>AB8, E>BO 2A5 >=8 ?@>87@0AB0NB =0 ;86=5< 2>AB>:5 8, O E>GC ?>4G5@:=CBL, 2>NNB >=8 A =0<8 C65 2 B5G5=85 <=>38E 8 <=>38E ;5B. 0G=5< A H88B>2. A=>2=0O AB@0=0 >18B0=8O - @0=. @54AB028B5;8 MB>3> 42865=8O B0< - ?@02OI85 :@C38 AB@0=K, ?@02OI85 :;5@8:0;K, 8@0=A:85 <C;;K 8 =5:>B>@K5 <5=LH8=AB20 8@0=A:8E :;5@8:0;-H88B>2. A5 >=8 A>AB02;ONB ?@02OICN A8;C 2 @0=5 8 >=8 65 A?>=A8@CNB 8 AB>OB 70 %5710;;>9. A5 >=8 =0E>4OBAO 2 2>9=5 A =0<8 C65 >:>;> G5B25@B8 25:0. =8 70E20B8;8 =0H8E 70;>6=8:>2 2 1979 3>4C.  1983 3>4C 2 "535@0=5 >=8 ?>4=O;8 =0 2>74CE =0H5 ?>A>;LAB2>, 0 2 59@CB5 :070@<K <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK. =8 ?@>25;8 <0AAC B5@@>@8AB8G5A:8E 0B0: ?@>B82 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 2 B5G5=85 2A53> MB>3> 2@5<5=8. B>@0O 3@C??0 - MB> D0H8ABK, O 8A?>;L7CN MB> A;>2> =5 :0: <5B0D>@C. 0@B8O ! 2 @0:5 8 2 !8@88 - MB> ?> ACI5AB2C D0H8ABA:85 ?0@B88, A45;0==K5 ?> D0H8ABA:><C H01;>=C 30E 3>4>2. =8 B>B0;8B0@=K, >=8 ACI5AB25==> 0=B8A5<8BA:85, >=8 D0H8ABA:85. ! 2 @0:5 2545B A =0<8 >B:@KBCN 2>9=C 1>;55 10-B8 ;5B. ;O !0440<0 2>9=0 2 70;825 =8:>340 =5 ?@5:@0I0;0AL.  >= =5 B>;L:> 3>2>@8B, => 8 2545B A51O A>>B25BAB25==>. !0440< CAB@>8; =5C402H55AO ?>:CH5=85 =0 M:A- ?@57845=B0 CH0-AB0@H53> 2 1993 3>4C 2 C259B5. = 8<55B <0AAC A2O759 8 2KABC?05B 2 :0G5AB25 C?@02;ONI53> 8 :>=B@>;8@CNI53> 8E AC1J5:B0. = 8<55B @0728B>5 <=>3>;5B=55 ?0@B=5@AB20 A @07;8G=K<8 B5@@>@8AB8G5A:8<8 3@C??0<8, 2:;NG0O 0;L-084C (al Qaeda). @0:A:85 :><?;5:AK  ?>GB8 5654=52=> >1AB@5;820NB =0H8 A0<>;5BK, :>=B@>;8@CNI85 7>=K, 70?@5B=K5 4;O ?>;5B>2 8E 0280F88. !0440< 2A5 5IQ 2>N5B. #65 11 ;5B 2>N5B. "@5BLO 3@C??0, :>B>@0O 2K=C48;0 >1@0B8BL =0 A51O 2=8<0=85, - MB> 8A;0<A:85 AC==8BK.  MB>, 2 ?5@A?5:B825, =081>;55 >?0A=0O 8 65AB>:0O G0ABL 87 MB8E B@5E, 2>NNI8E A =0<8 A59G0A 8 2 1C4CI5< 3@C??, 2:;NG0NI0O 2 A51O 42865=85 20EE018B>2  AB>@>==8:>2 @5;838>7=>3> 8A;0<A:>3> B5G5=8O, C:>@5=82H53>AO, 2 >A=>2=><, 2 !0C4>2A:>9 @0288. => 2>7=8:;> 2 XVIII 25:5, => CE>48B :>@=O<8 2 1>;55 @0==85 2@5<5=0.  !0C4>2A:CN @028N 20EE0187< 1K; 70=5A5=, 2 >A=>2=><, 8<<83@0=B0<8 87 38?B0. -B> B0 65 O@:> 2K@065==0O DC=40<5=B0;8ABA:0O 8A;0<A:0O 845>;>38O A =5:>B>@K<8 A>2@5<5==K<8 C:@0H5=8O<8. =8 2A5340 1K;8 AD>:CA8@>20=K =0, :0: >=8 3>2>@OB, 2@030E 1;8609H53> >:@C65=8O, :>B>@K<8 AG8B0;8 65AB:89 @568< 2 38?B5 8 4> :0:>9-B> AB5?5=8 !0C4>2A:CN :>@>;52A:CN A5<LN, 2 A2O78 A G5< 2 1979 3>4C 8<5;0 <5AB> 0B0:0 2 @09>=5 25;8:>9 <5G5B8 2 5::5. > >=8 D>:CA8@>20;8AL B>;L:> =0 1;8609H8E 2@030E ;8HL 4> A5@548=K 1990E 3>4>2. @8<5@=> 2 1994 3>4C >=8 87<5=8;8 =0?@02;5=85 A2>8E 0B0:, ?@87=02, GB> 8E >A=>2=K<8 2@030<8 O2;ONBAO, :0: >=8 3>2>@OB, :@5AB>=>AFK 8 52@58, 8<5O 2 284C =0 A0<>< 45;5 2AN 52@>?59A:CN F828;870F8N. "0: GB> >=8 2 2>9=5 A =0<8 ?@8<5@=> A 1994 3>40.  G8A;5 =081>;55 8725AB=KE =0?045=89 A 8E AB>@>=K - ?>4@K2 0280=>AF0 >;5 (Cole) 8 =0?045=8O =0 =0H8 0D@8:0=A:85 ?>A>;LAB20, =C 8, :>=5G=>, 11 A5=BO1@O. 'B> 459AB28B5;L=> 87<5=8;>AL ?>A;5 11 A5=BO1@O - B0: MB> 2>2A5 =5 B>, GB> >=8 =0G0;8 2>9=C ?@>B82 =0A. =8 2>NNB A =0<8 C65 <=>3> ;5B. 50;L=> 87<5=8;>AL B>, GB> 8 <K, =0:>=5F-B>, >A>7=0;8 8 70<5B8;8, ?>=O2 2 :0:>9-B> G0AB8, GB> 8 A0<8 =0E>48<AO A =8<8 2 A>AB>O=88 2>9=K. >6=> ?@>25AB8 ?@O<CN 0=0;>38N <564C MB8<8 B@5<O 3@C??0<8 8 B@5<O <0D8>7=K<8 A5<59=K<8 :;0=0<8.  B5, 8 4@C385 =5=0284OB 4@C3 4@C30, 8 2@5<O >B 2@5<5=8 C1820NB 4@C3 4@C30 2 >3@><=KE :>;8G5AB20E. >, 8E =5=028ABL : 2@030< 87 1;8609H53> >:@C65=8O =0 =5A:>;L:> ?>@O4:>2 CABC?05B 8E >1I59 =5=028AB8 : =0<. 0A >=8 =5=0284OB =587<5@8<> 1>;LH5 8 3>B>2K ?>445@6820BL 4@C3 4@C30, 2:;NG0O @0: 8 0;L-084C& =8 =5=0284OB =0A 70 =0HC A2>1>4C A;>20, 70 =0HC A2>1>4C @5;8388, 70 =0HC M:>=><8G5A:CN A2>1>4C, 70 =0H5 @025=AB2>, 8;8 ?>GB8 @025=AB2>, 70 =0H5 >B=>H5=85 : 65=I8=0<, 70 2A5 E>@>H85 45;0, :>B>@K5 <K 45;05<. -B> :0: 2 2>9=5 A =0F87<><. 0A =5=02845;8 ?>B><C, GB> <K 5ABL. >, 4065 5A;8 >=8 =5=0284OB =0A, B> ?>G5<C MB> 24@C3 >=8 @5H8;8AL =0?0ABL 8 =0G0BL C1820BL? -B> A;CG8;>AL ?>B><C, GB> 2 B5G5=85 ?>A;54=59 G5B25@B8 25:0 =0 ;86=5< 2>AB>:5 <K E>48< A 2K25A:>9 09 <=5 ?>4 704, :>B>@CN A0<8 A515 ?>25A8;8 ?>=865 A?8=K. K A0<8 2K3;O48< 2 8E 3;070E 8<5==> B5<, GB> 18= 045= 2A;54 70 0> =0720; 1C<06=K< B83@><& / 4C<0N, <K 40;8 =58AG8A;8<>5 :>;8G5AB2> ?>2>4>2 8 !0440<C, 8 H88B0< 2 "535@0=5 2<5AB5 A 8E %5710;;>9, 8 AC==8B0< AG8B0BL, GB> <K C65 >G5=L 4>;3> O2;O5<AO 1>30B>9, ?@>3=82H59 8 A;01>9 AB@0=>9, :>B>@0O =5 <>65B 8 =5 E>G5B 2>520BL.  1979 3>4C >=8 70E20B8;8 2 70;>6=8:8 =0H8E 3@0640=, 0 <K ?>2O70;8 65;BK5 ;5=B>G:8 =0 45@52LO 8 ?@54?@8=O;8 01A>;NB=> =5MDD5:B82=CN ?>?KB:C A?0AB8 8E, @07182 25@B>;5BK 2 ?CABK=5.  1983 3>4C >=8 ?>4=O;8 =0 2>74CE =0H5 ?>A>;LAB2> 8 :070@<C <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK 2 59@CB5. 0: 65 <K >B25B8;8? K ?>:8=C;8 59@CB.  B5G5=85 1980E ?@>B82 =0A 1K;> ?@54?@8=OB> =5A:>;L:> B5@0:B>2 8 2A5 157 >B25B0. K ?> A;CG09=>AB8 0@5AB>20;8 =5A:>;L:> <0;5=L:8E ?5H5: - 8A?>;=8B5;59. 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